Seven Basic Plots

In our contextual studies lecture, we were told to link seven games to the seven basic plots from Christopher Bookers book 'The Seven Basic Plots', which he took 34 years to write.

These are the games I chose to link to the seven plots:

Overcoming evil/the monster - Skyrim

You're the main character, the dragonborn, you are born to slay the dragons of Skyrim. You're whole purpose throughout the game is kill the many dragons and other evil-goers throughout the games story. You are overcoming the evil that has overrun Skyrim to bring back peace amongst the world.

Rags to riches - Animal Crossing: New Leaf

As a human in an animal filled town, you are broke and already in debt the minute you move in. You have to collect fruit, fish, and other resources that pop up in your town to sell off and get money, and then pay your debts with your saved cash. There are also other things that you will want money for such as clothes, house expansions, town enhancements and furniture. The game is all about you saving money to get richer so that you can afford better things, so rags to riches describes this game perfectly.

The Quest - The Legend of Zelda: Majoras Mask

As Link, the hero of the Legend of Zelda series, you are always on a quest to save a land from evil. With Majoras Mask, its the land of Termina, where the moon is going to fall from the sky and destroy every living thing. The series revolves around completing quests to save the world, so this is why I chose to have the game with the quest. 

Voyage and return - Kingdom Hearts

in the Kingdom heart series, you play as a happy kid called Sora. When his friends get taken away from him, he has to use his keyblade to travel over worlds to find them. He journeys with Donald and Goofy from Disney to save the world, and find his best friends and hopefully return home.

Comedy (the jester) - The Simpsons: Hit & Run

In a game where you play as almost all members of the Simpson family, plus other characters from Springfield, its understandable why I didn't have to think hard when putting this game into this category. You kick people, run people over, the missions and cut-scenes are funny and well dialogued - as well as the voice acting. This game is a treasure, and a funny one. 

Tragedies - The Banner Saga

In this game, you are constantly on the run from monsters, so tragedies are always around the corner. It is a game where you can make different choices to affect the outcome of the story, and if you make a wrong choice, someone can die, permanently. Its a strange thing in a game, permanent death. That alone can move a game from an average strategy game to a tragedy. 

Rebirth - Flower

Flower is an art game created by the same company as Journey. You take control of the wind, blowing petals around by flowing gracefully over flowers. You are rebirthing the world and making flowers grow. As you progress through the levels, you are slowly getting closer to the dark city, and the levels slowly start to be darker and less beautiful. At the city, everything is dark and metal and there are no flowers, so you float around and you rebirth the city into a more colourful, happy and beautiful place.

Caillois’ classification of games

In our first contextual studies lecture we were told about Roger Caillous and his book 'Man, Play and Games'. Play/games are always outside normal life - takes place in own boundaries of time and space
We were told to put five different games we admire into the grid according to the classification, and to share our lists.

Paedia - Play without rules
Ludus - Play is regulated with formalised rules

Agon - Conflict, especially one between the main characters in a drama
Alea (chance) - These are gaes of chance, in which the player negates to will and surrenders to destiny
Mimicry - Imitation of other peoples voices, gestures, or appearances
Ilinx (vertigo) - Player deliberately brings on a sense of vertigo

	Agon (conflict)	Alea (chance)	Mimicry	Illinx (vertigo)
Paedia		Mass Effect - Lots of choice, choices you make affect the future areas of the game, means you have to be careful with how you speak to characters	Journey - a very open  game, you meet people and if you follow them they will help you, this would be mimicry of others as you mimic what they are showing you, working together with others
		Skyrim - An open world with a lot of choices, it’s your decision what you do and how you do it, you can be bad or good and that will affect the games progress
Ludus	Pokémon Alpha Sapphire- There are lots of rules in Pokémon games, you’re always striving to be the best trainer in the Pokémon world, always competing, trying to be the winner			Fire Emblem Awakening - When one of your character dies they don’t come back to life, so constant panic about deaths in the game, characters normally come back to life so it is a shock when that doesn’t happen
	Fire Emblem Awakening - You are always in a battle competing for your life, so when you’re a winner you’ve won your life, always rivalry in the wars

Series of Characters



1970s - Space Invaders

Space Invaders is a pixel arcade video game that came out in 1978. It was developed by Tomohiro Nishikado and is known to be one of the first shooter games, and is heavily influenced by popular media such as Star Wars. Originally the idea was to use aeroplanes instead of the alien-like enemies seen above, but they hit problems with the smoothness of the movements of the characters. In hindsight this was a good thing, as I think that planes would not be half as interesting, and the game may not have been the inspiration for many games after it. The most recognisable space invader enemy would have to be the one on the bottom left of the image above, it has a simple pixel design with no shading or common features, but it is obviously an alien and I think this is why it works so well.

Ironically the 'main character' for space invaders is the gun ship, which is definitely not as popular or as well known as the enemies. This game however inspired many after it, and the enemies were even recently in the film 'Pixels'. They are still part of todays culture even after 40 years, and they show that even as small pixelated aliens they can still take over the world.

1980s - Bubble Bobble

Bubble Bobble is an pixel arcade platformer by Taito Corporation, a Japanese video game publisher who is best known for both Bubble Bobble and Space Invaders. The game was released in 1986 on arcade machines, and later ported to various home consoles and other platforms. The game has around 19 spin-offs/sequels to its name, because it became so popular. The game is obviously a key part of the gaming industry, as not everyday you see a game with that amount of spin offs or sequels. One of these was an IOS and Android app released in 2015, so it is still a popular game in todays culture. The characters are more developed than Space Invaders, having outlines around coloured bodies. There is still no visible shading, but there is more than one colour in each character, adding depth to their designs. It is definitely a big leap from the very flat designs of the Space Invader Characters. The two main characters Bub and Bob are both quite obvious designs, as they look like dinosaurs. The enemies seem less obvious, quite alien like. All the designs however have a cute style about them, which has always been a popular factor in Japanese gaming. This is probably why it has been so popular, as the characters and enemies are so likeable and fun. Their colouring is also very bright and makes them very recognisable.

1990s - Super Mario 64

Super Mario 64 is a 3D platform video game published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. It was released firstly in Japan in 1996, and then later in other countries. It was one of the early 3D games, and is an open world game so allowed players a large amount of freedom and choice. The game sold over 11 million copies, and a remake for the Nintendo DS was made. The Super Mario franchise was getting bigger and bigger during the 80s/90s, and games like Super Mario 64 and Super Mario Bros. where changing the way game designers worked. Super Mario 64 influenced many 3D games in the future, as did Super Mario Bros. did with platformers. In this game, as with most other Super Mario games, you play as Mario saving Princess Peach.



 Mario is an Italian plumber with a big nose, moustache, red cap, blue overalls, white gloves and brown shoes. He is the most likely the most recognisable game character ever created, being in over 200 games. Even in 3D, his clothing and design has not changed. I don't think they would ever change Mario' design due to the fact that he is so popular still. He is a part of everyone's lives; no matter if you like or hate him, you know who he is.

2000s - Kingdom Hearts





Kingdom Hearts is an action role-playing game by Square Enix released in 2002 on the PS2. This game is a collaboration between Square Enix and Disney, using Disney's various worlds and characters from different films, which are changed and worked for the game. The main character of this game is Sora, a young boy searching for his friends with the two Disney characters Donald and Goofy. This game has various spin-offs, sequels and collections, as well as two games coming out in the future. Sora is portrayed as a happy, carefree boy who has friends he has known since childhood. I find that because he is so happy and carefree, he is a more likeable character and you bond very quickly with him. He loves his friends very much and throughout the game is put through some very tough challenges, but he is always very motivated and determined to help others.

His design in the first game is as seen above. He has very large feet with big yellow shoes on, red short overalls, a hoodie with multiple things hanging off it, spikey brown hair and his keyblade. His design has a soft appearance, and his colour scheme is quite loud. I feel like those two design points really reflect on his personality, he's loving and caring but he's loud and, kid-like.

2010s - Journey



Journey is an indie game released in 2012 by Thatgamecompany for the PS3, and recently the PS4. This game is mostly played online, but you cannot talk to those you meet. This is what makes this game such a visual experience, there is no talking or fighting, and to make contact with anyone you make musical chimes. Everyone plays as the same character, a brown/red robed traveller with a scarf, however when you beat the game you can get a white and gold robe, and other embroideries onto the outfit. The scarf lengths can change however when you collect certain items, so other people could be further along than you and have a longer scarf when you meet them. This game has been praised worldwide, and is seen as one of the greatest video games of all time. The traveller is quite a simple design, with stick-like legs and a big cloak meaning there is not much body definition, but the character fits in well with the flowing desert feeling this game puts across.